Pan Am Flight 103 Air Crash Investigation Conclusions

By Lila Bryant

The mystery surrounding the Pan Am flight 103 disaster of Lockerbie in Scotland took years to solve. Investigators had to travel thousands of miles and transverse about 20 countries in search of necessary evidence. The conclusion made from the Pan Am flight 103 air crash investigation implicated Libyans with the terrorist act that claimed the lives of 259 inside the plane and 11 on the ground.

Investigations revealed that an explosion occurred about 31,000 feet above the ground. Investigators had to piece together all pieces in order to establish the truth. The American aviation industry had never experienced a disaster of this magnitude. The media focused a lot on the details of the entire process.

Investigators spent years collecting evidence and piecing it together before concluding that Libyans were involved. The two suspects were Baset Abdel and Khalifa Al-Amin. The judge concluded that Khalifa was not culpable according to the evidence presented and therefore set him free. The government of Libya was ordered to pay a total of 2.7 billion dollars as compensation because the blame lay on Abdel Baset who was sentenced to death.

Investigations were led by the UK Air Accident Investigation branch. They took over the responsibility because the accident occurred in within their airspace. A whopping 4 million pieces of debris and evidence were collected with the entire accident area covering over 2000 square kilometers. Computer simulations were necessary in documenting and ordering the pieces.

Claims that terrorists were involved shifted the focus of investigating teams. The chemical compounds that were found on site included RDX and PETN. The type of explosion witnessed was said to be Semtex. The teams involved in these investigations included FBI, local police and Scotland Yard. Frankfurt was suspected to be the loading port for the bomb.

Americans were interested in these investigations because of the fatalities they suffered. Of the 270 who died, 189 were American citizen. This was a big blow and a record in the aviation history. The number of casualties was only surpassed by the deaths during the 9/11 attack on Twin Towers. Investigations and prosecution process witnessed the presentation of 180,000 pieces of evidence. Testimonies of 15,000 people were collected to aid in the investigations. 3,500 photos were taken and presented during inquiry. A new record was set in terms of expenditure during an investigation.

The total expenditure during investigations totaled over 60 million dollars. The trial was another record with more than 230 witnesses being summoned to testify in proceedings that lasted 89 days. The transcripts for this trial went up to 10,000 pages and more. Libya denied the accusation that it sanctioned, planned and financed the attack. They claimed that political convenience had led authorities to lay the blame on them. This allowed the theory that Palestinians were responsible instead under the direction of Iran.

Iran was said to harbor a grudge against America for killing 290 of her citizens in the Persian Gulf sometime back. This was a reason enough to cause them to bring down the plane. Libya conceded to the blame and paid compensation after suctions were imposed. Such turn of events and variety of theories make it difficult to find the truth about this disaster.

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How To Break A Spell

By Arline Bradley

It is not normally easy to disentangle yourself from a chain that one is tied with. The situation even becomes more complicated when you are not aware that you are under some external influence that is beyond your control. In order to break a spell therefore, you need to be a little bit cautious. Some wisdom is required to deal with such a situation.

Spells are mostly observed in relationships. One of the lovebirds always gains control of the other from some external forces. As a result, it becomes almost impossible to manage in their absence. Consequently, they gain the upper hand and control all your moves in the relationship. It is thus not advisable to be too helpless before your spouse as this can become a stumbling block.

It is quite amazing to realize that someone has full control of your behavior such that they can move you either to the left or the right at will. To add salt to wound, it might be concealed to you while to others who observe you it is conspicuous. You then become defensive to the point of defeating the attempts of the people who are close to you tom reason with you.

The great ancient philosopher, Socrates, said one should know himself. This means that an individual should be aware of both your strengths and weaknesses. There is need for you to recognize all your areas of vulnerability so that you can prepare yourself prior to any trial. The biggest problem with most people is failure to accept opinions from other people. Although we are supposed to weigh them, its wrong to always dismiss them.

Sometimes we feel that we know ourselves so much that we do not give a damn about what anybody says. However, its quite regrettable that we fail to understand that it is the observer who can see where the problem is. The wisest move therefore, is for us to listen more than we speak. Once we have listened, we should put what we have heard to deep contemplation before giving a decisive response.

For you to break a particular spell, always be willing to hear others out. Do not be the only one speaking. Instead, you better be the only one listening. There are cases where one has to persevere being ashamed for the sake of sobriety. Avoid being proud as it spoils chances of knowing the truth. Its a great show of wisdom when you humbly accept your shortcomings and correct them.

The second and crucial step is to take the necessary step, however hurting it might be. In most cases it is someone closest to you like your spouse who puts you into such situations. Through the freedom that you give them, they can make your life miserable if you are not careful. The decision might involve speaking the truth and stopping some evil acts that have been happening in the background.

No one is wise enough to escape a spell. Be vigilant and alert at all times. Evaluate all the circumstances in which you take part to assure yourself that none is manipulative. Anything that you find yourself doing with the full awareness that it is wrong needs deeper scrutiny.

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Pan Am Flight 103 Air Crash Investigation Results

By Anita Ortega

Investigators worked for years to solve the mystery of the Pan Am Fight 103 that came down 38 minutes after takeoff on its way to Detroit through London from Frankfurt. Pan Am Flight 103 air crash investigation team camped at Lockerbie in Scotland to unravel the mystery surrounding the death of 259 people on board and 11 on the ground. Preliminary investigations pointed at a bomb that was planted in the luggage section. The luggage could have found its way into the plane in Frankfurt.

The plane was traveling 31,000 feet when the bomb exploded. Investigations revealed that Libyan terrorists were responsible. The conclusions followed the gathering of thousands of pieces and information about the plane. It had to be reassembled in a warehouse to establish major facts. This was billed to be the most dangerous attacks in history and attracted a lot of attention.

It took three years for prosecutors to piece together the evidence presented before concluding that Libyans were involved. The two persons implicated with planning were Abdel Baset and Khalifa Al-Amin. After the cases were presented before the judges, the verdict exonerated Khalifa while Baset was found guilty and sentenced to serve life in prison. The judges also ruled that Libya should take responsibility for the act and pay 2.7 billion dollars.

The Air Accident Investigation Branch in UK handles all accidents on its airspace. They took over the case and combed an area of approximate 2000 square kilometers where they collected over 4million pieces of debris. They had to use the support of computers to document every piece that was collected.

When the theory that terrorism was involved emerged, investigators termed the crash as a criminal act. They found traces of RDX and PETN, chemical compounds that cause a Semtex explosion to occur. The most likely point of entry for the bomb was Frankfurt. Local police, FBI and Scotland Yard were involved in the investigations.

The entry of Americans into the investigations was because of the 189 citizens who formed part of the 270 people on board. Such a huge figure of deaths was only overtaken by the terrorist attack on 9/11. Court proceedings witnessed the presentation of 3,500 photos, 180,000 pieces as evidence and the testimonies of 15,000 people. 20 countries were covered during investigation. Libya took responsibility after UN imposed sanctions.

The total budget for investigations and trial amounted to 60 million dollars. This was a record breaking budget with 230 people being called to testify. Transcriptions for court proceedings went up to 10,000 pages while the total time taken for testimonies was 89 days. Despite all these investigations, some quotas claimed that the crash took a global political angle. This led the perpetrators to escape as investigators chased Libya. There was a claim that Iran was responsible through the aid of Palestinians. This was to retaliate for their plane that was grounded by Americans killing 290 people in the Persian Gulf.

Iran entered into the picture because 290 of its citizen civilians were killed in the Persian Gulf when America brought down its plane. It is also believed that Libya was coerced into taking responsibility for political reasons. Some powers sort to make political or ideological gains by implicating Libya. This means that the truth about the crush may never be known.

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How To Raise The Child You've Got, Not The One You Want

By Saleem Rana

Nancy Rose spoke to Lon Woodbury on Parent Choices for Struggling Teens, a radio show on L.A. Talk Radio, about how to raise the child you've got, not the one you want. Parents who refuse to accept their children's core nature, will cause the child to pick up the idea that there is something wrong with them. The host of the show, Lon Woodbury, is an Independent Educational Consultant and has worked with families and struggling teens since 1984.

A Brief Bio of Nancy Rose

Nancy Rose is a mother of two sons. She has spent greater than 25 years examining the role of acceptance in parent-child relationships. An attorney and financial adviser by occupation, she now spends her time as a speaker, writer and coach for parents. In her new book, "Raise the Child You Want--Not the One You Want" she talks to moms and dads who long to re-establish a caring connection with their kid.

Tips on How to Raise the Child You've Got, Not the One You Want

Nancy's book "Raise the Child You've Got--Not the One You Want," originated from her own individual experience. She grew up not really feeling appreciated by her Mom and because of her experience of emotional pain around her self-identity. She knew her Mom loved her, yet she was not convinced that her Mom liked her; so, she spent her entire youth trying to win her mother's approval. Only years later, when she came to be a mother herself did she find out how to begin to heal her own childhood angst.

During her early twenties, Nancy worked on raising her self-worth by becoming an academic super-achiever. Then she stirred from her "trance of accomplishment" when she finally understood that she had worked hard to become a tax lawyer and a CPA just to get her Mom to like her. Now, with a law degree from University of California in Berkeley, as well as a finance degree from the University of Illinois, she uses her know-how, experience, and credentials to passionately champion the emotional needs of children.

She has identified 9 traits for parents to identify who their child is at their core -- activity, adaptability, distractibility, ease with the unfamiliar, intensity, optimism, persistence, regularity, and sensory reactivity. A child will only feel accepted when his or her parents accept each trait, offer guidance and provide parent leadership. By accepting a child's Core Self, it becomes much easier to raise the child you've got, not the one you want.

About the Author:

Lon Woodbury, the founder of Struggling Teens, has recorded the entire interview on his weekly L.A. Talk Radio Show show for people to listen to at their convenience.

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Author Interview On Childhood Unbound

By Saleem Rana

Lon Woodbury from Parent Choices for Struggling Teens, a radio show hosted on L.A. Talk Radio, recently interviewed Dr. Ron Taffel who is a leading expert on how to raise children. The interview focused on the ideas in Ron's book, "Childhood Unbound: Authoritative Parenting for the 21st Century."

About the Author

A leading authority on child raising methods, Dr. Ron Taffel is the Chair of the Institute for Contemporary Psychotherapy, and he also has his own private practice in New York city. He is the father of two children. He has been interviewed on numerous top television shows and has written many articles on parenting, as well as authored 8 books, including, "Childhood Unbound: Definitive Parenting for the 21st Century.".

The Story Behind "Childhood Unbound: Authoritative Parenting for the 21st Century."

Ron shared his view that youngsters are different now compared to previous generations because they reside in a new world where technology has drastically changed life as we used to know it. He believes this change took place toward the last decade of the last century. The result is that children are now much more open and candid, which, interestingly enough, is what parents prefer to having their children keep secrets from them.

He also talked about how parents must ensure that they are not relegated to the role of a second family, the first being the peer group and popular culture. Actually, children still long to stay in touch with their parents, but parents often don't give them undivided attention because the parents are too busy multitasking or thinking of other things. It's a misconception, the author said, that youngsters don't wish to communicate with parents.

His popular book, "Childhood Unbound: Authoritative Parenting for 21st Century," is designed to assist parents from using anachronistic parenting ideas and it offers much good advice on some of the best ways to be a good parent in a new age of swift technological development and perplexing social changes.

About the Author:

Lon Woodbury, the founder of Struggling Teens, has recorded the entire interview on his weekly L.A. Talk Radio show for people to at their convenience.

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A Short Guidebook For Buying Utilized Chainsaws

By George Dodson

Buying a chainsaw can be an expensive endeavor, so for this reason alone it can be tempting to wish to purchase used chainsaws instead. However, the risk involved of buying a model that will not work for much longer is not small. The following are some tips for you to consider in buying used chainsaws to guarantee your satisfaction.

While there are some good deals to be had by purchasing used models, keep in mind that old saying, 'caveat emptor,' or, 'buyer beware.' Usually these deals are fixed that you don't have any choice if the item is broken. One thing you can do to make sure you buy a saw that works is to ask the seller to demonstrate it for you and maybe let you run it yourself for a bit. This holds true whether you are buying from a dealer or from a previous owner at a yard sale; make sure that you never buy a saw without first making sure it is in good working condition.

There are a lot of places you can avail the deals of used chainsaws. There are the common options of yard sales and dealers as mentioned above, or you can even look on the Net to find it. It does not guarantee a 100% satisfaction when you buy online. Even though you will have many more different models of saw to choose from, especially at online auctions, it is impossible to try each model out ahead of time to make sure they work. You basically have to take the seller's word for it that it is in good condition. There is also the matter of additional costs for shipping that you will have to pay, so buying online usually does not save you that much money anyway.

Besides purchasing used models, you may also want to purchase used chainsaw parts. Even though these parts are not typically that expensive, you can get them practically for free if you know where to look, and if you can do the repairs yourself you can save a lot of money in the process. It is quite cost-effective in choosing chainsaw parts rather than buying a new one; the factor is you need to know how to repair it. Local junkyards are the focal places you can go to.

Speaking of saving more bucks, an old chainsaw that is not functioning can have some parts to be used in repairs. In addition, you can try looking in the classifieds to see if anyone has an old saw that they are interested in giving away or selling at an extra low price. These are valuable suggestions you can use in buying old chainsaws.

About the Author:

I will be a while best forest expert,I write for I'm from bigtrees1.livejournal.com wherever we discuss best forest. Take a look at the latest learning resource on Dwarf Fresh fruit Trees: the reason many growers desire them? or How to help chop down a pine?.

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Positive Parenting Skills You Should Know

By Howie Stern

Since you have youngsters, then you know how complicated it is to be parenting recently. But it is just a fact of life that your youngsters are exposed to so much away from home. Hopefully your youngsters will be well placed to know the difference and reject that which isn't not good. There is so much that is negative, and that is where your parenting comes into action.



So many youngsters in The United States have a weight problem and it's heavy, and you know how hard this makes it. You must become involved in this situation by educating your youngster about nutrition and then making the effort with a weight loss programme. If you are overweight, then it's a very good time to order them to follow you and do what you do rather than what you only say. The entire family can get involved with exercise and sports and everyone can shed pounds and get more fit. Of course you would like your youngsters to be successful in school and in their selected career trails. You can make a firm foundation with the way you speak to them. Communication is hugely important in all areas of life, and that is the reason why this is so important. It's fine to bump them a little so they're challenged, but avoid making communications hard to understand. Folks are the way with their youngsters how they were treated by their own elders.



Even adults need to have emotions, and there are negative consequences when there isn't any. In past times, there were experiments in which people (babies) would die of lack of human touch. There are many factors concerned with this including straightforward human touch, and discover ways to show your affection to your kids of any age.



Avoid doing this to your teens in front of their mates, but they have to feel loved, too. You do not want to embarrass your teenager kids in front of their friends - you know how that is. Parenting is one of the most rewarding things anybody can do even though it seems hard and stressful. Oftentimes info is not always targeted for single carers, just as an example. If you have got to change up something so it works better for you, then that works too. Prepare your kids the best you can, and your reward will be good adults who are successful.

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Except for this favourable write-up, Howie Stern generates better as well as fantastic reference books in varied subject that can serve within your toddlers studying. One of his book, Kindle Book About Soccer. And if you choose more engaging and interesting books from him pay a trip to this associate page of A Reading Place.

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